Fun Friday 1/27!

Word	Part of speech	Definition	Sentence
Acroman	Adjective (root- acro; latin)	A man who thinks he is superior to women	Why do I always end up with acromen? They always let me down and treat me poorly.
Icontree	Noun (root- icon; latin)	Image of tree and/or tree	Today I went on a walk and took incontrees.
liberd	Adjective (root- liber; latin)	Free spirited	I wish I was as liberd as my sister; she always makes her own path in life.

What not to do on Snapchat:

PTSD Ted Talk

PTSD is a disorder characterized by failure to recover after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event

• Soldiers who have battled in wars such as the one in Vietnam are not more likely to have PTSD
• Studies have been shown that people in urban societies have higher rates of depression/ptsd than people in rural communities
• The gap between the rich and poor is bigger than ever and continues to grow
• PTSD can trigger unexpected emotional/physical responses
• It can affect all ages
• A trauma that has caused PTSD can also lead to depression
• If you have experienced PTSD or depression, there are higher risks of suicide
• Coming home to a split community can increase long term PTSD
• When 9/11 happened, it brought people closer because they united which lead to PTSD ratesw decreasing

Something weird: Just because you were in combat/war, doesn't mean you have a higher chance of having PTSD

Depression Webinar

Why is there depression?

Some evolutionary theories of depression:

• protection from neg outcomes
• physic pain (analogous to body pain)
• a way of changing one's own environment
• protection from infections
• focus cognitions

Symptoms:

• depressed mood of the day, nearly every day
• markedly diminished interest/pleasure in things
• significant weight loss or weight gin
• insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
• agitation
• fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
• diminished ability to think or concentrate
• recurrent thoughts of death (could be contemplating suicide) 
• significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas 

How common is it?

• past year prevalence of depression in adults is 10-17%
• adolescents with major depression are up to 30 times more likely to die of suicide
• in its severe form, it affects about 9% of adolescents
• second leading cause of years lived in disability 
• 30-50% of the liability to depression is due to genetic factors 

This is a graph showing the aetiology of depression:

• 40% of depressed young adults have had disruptive problems during development 

- Negative bias and missing the positive in life affects a person's mood tremendously

--> this can be shown in the development of the brain

Depression Diagnosis:

• presence of manic systems
• underlying medical causes (e.g. anemia, thyroid disease)
• risk assessment!

Treatment:

• therapists may be beneficial 
• about 60% of young people respond to an antidepressants 
• about 50% also respond to placebo]

placebo: a harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect

• anti depressants offer a good risk benefit ratio:

Numbers needed to treat (NNT): 10

Numbers needed to harm (NNH): 112

• women are more vulnerable to depression than men

Eating Disorders

Anorexia: a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss

Symptoms

• food intake leading to a weight that is clearly too low
• Intense fear of weight gain, obsession with weight
• Obsessed over body image
• Inability to understand the severity of the situation

Warning Signs

• Dramatic weight loss
• Preoccupation with weight, food, calories, fat grams, and dieting
• Frequent comments about feeling “fat” or overweight despite weight loss
• Denial of hunger
• Consistent excuses to avoid mealtimes or situations involving food

Health Consequences

• Abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure
• Reduction of bone density (osteoporosis), which results in dry, brittle bones
• Muscle loss and weakness
• Dehydration
• Fainting, fatigue

Bulimia Nervosa: a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating

Symptoms

• Frequent episodes of consuming very large amount of food followed by behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting
• A feeling of being out of control during the binge-eating episodes
• Self-esteem overly related to body image

Warning Signs

• Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time or finding wrappers and containers indicating the consumption of large amounts of food.
• Evidence of purging behaviors, including frequent trips to the bathroom after meals
• Discoloration or staining of the teeth.

Health Consequences

• Electrolyte imbalances that can lead to irregular heartbeats and possibly heart failure and death
• Inflammation and possible rupture of the esophagus from frequent vomiting
• Tooth decay and staining from stomach acids released during frequent vomiting

Binge-Eating Disorder: an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food (often very quickly and to the point of discomfort)

Symptoms

• A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode 
• Eating much more rapidly than normal
• Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
• Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry

Behavioral Characteristics

• Evidence of binge eating, including the disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time
• Secretive food behaviors, including eating secretly (e.g., eating alone or in the car, hiding wrappers) and stealing, hiding, or hoarding food.

Mental/Emotional Characteristics

• Experiencing feelings of anger, anxiety, worthlessness, or shame preceding binges
• Depression, social isolation, moodiness, and irritability may be present
• Feeling disgust when one looks at themself

Suicide Awareness

On January 12, we had two people, Madeline and Matt, come in to talk to us about the importance of: 

• suicide awareness
• mental illnesses
• anxiety
• depression
• different kinds of treatments

Mental disorder: something that affects a person's thinking, emotional state, and behavior

Distributes the person's ability to:

• work or attend school
• carry out daily activities
• engage in satisfying relationships

How to diagnose:

• doctors go inside of a book to classify mental disorders

Anxiety: a persistent or severe fear or worry that is difficult to manage and interferes with a person's quality of life

it's also: a normal reaction to stress and even beneficial at times

Symptoms:

- must be present for 6+ months; there are different types

Emotional:

• feeling of apprehension or dread
• trouble concentrating
• anticipating the worst
• irritability
• restlessness
• mind blank
• watching for signs of danger; always on edge

Physical:

• pounding heart rate
• sweating
• shortness of breath
• muscle tension
• fatigue
• insomnia
• dizziness 

When is it a problem?

• when the fear or worry is constant/overwhelming
• interferes with your relationships and activities

Types of Anxiety:

• generalized
• social
• specific phobias
• panic disorder
• OCD
• PTSD

Causes?

• biological reasons

- genetics, brain chemistry etc

• life circumstances

- significant losses

- divorce

- stressful situations

- high expectations put on you

- unresolved family conflict 

• environmental 

- abuse

- trauma

- high stress

- violence

Facts:

• 32% of teens will experience anxiety and 8.3% of those have severe impairment 
• average age of onset is 6 years old 

Depression: depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities for two or more weeks

Symptoms:

• depressed mood or irritable most of the day
• decreased interest/pleasure
• significant weight change 
• change in sleep: insomnia or hypersomnia 
• fatigue or loss of energy
• guilt/worthlessness
• difficult to concentrate
• suicidal 

Sadness and Depression are DIFFERENT

Sadness:

• feeling bad about something in particular
• when we have adjusted, sadness goes away

Depression: 

• affects thinking, emotions, perceptions etc

Causes? 

• hereditary

- having a family member with depression can increase risk

• brain chemistry

- imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain 

• environment

- surroundings

- life experiences

• stress
• medications
• alcohol/drugs

Without treatment, symptoms can get worse and other problems can occur such as:

• problems at school
• running away
• social isolation
• low self esteem
• reckless behavior
• violence
• self harm behaviors
• drug/alcohol abuse 

Facts:

• 20% of teens will experience depression before adulthood
• teens are 12 times more likely to commit suicide if they have depression
• teenage girls report suffering from depression more often than boys
• teenage boys are less likely to seek help or recognizing it 

Suicide: the intent to kill oneself 

• second leading cause of death for 10-24 year old's
• people who are suicidal are individuals who do not see a way out
• those who die from suicide are frequently undiagnosed, untreated or under-treated 

Warning Signs!!!

• threats to kill oneself
• current talk of suicide: can be direct or indirect
• making a plan for suicide
• strong wish to die/preoccupied with death
• anxious and depressed, not sleeping
• abusing substances

Behavioral:

• previous attempt
• gun/stocking pills
• depression
• putting personal affairs in order
• giving away prized possessions

Situational: 

• expelled from school/fired from job
• family problems
• loss of any major relationship
• death of someone close
• diagnoses of a serious or terminal illness
• financial problems
• victim of assault/bullying

HOW CAN YOU HELP?

Question...a person about suicide

Persuade...the person to get help

Refer...the person to get appropriate resources

if you call the police, you can request for MST: these are mental health clinicians that will come with police officers

CALL 911 WHEN:

• has a weapon
• expresses immediate intent to harm self or others
• tells you that they have overdosed on pills or other drugs
• posts on social media threatening suicide