Wednesday, May 31, 2017

Social Media Unit Reflection

According to Kenneth Dixon, a researcher at Stanford, “ Internet users spend three hours online every day. More than half of the time is spent communicating, 8.7 percent playing games, 6.5 percent surfing and 4.3 percent shopping” (http://news.stanford.edu). Social media can be viewed as a limitation that keeps people from being active; however, for many, social media is an outlet from the real world. Social media can also be used as a way that people can retain outside information and meet other people that they would not outside of the web.  Throughout our Social Media Unit, I learned about the importance of vaccines along with specific immunity, how characters develop over time, and how to execute a professional presentation along with a social media campaign.

In science, we learned about specific immunity and focused on how vaccines work and what they really do for our bodies.


We are born with innate immunity, which is the first line of defense that includes pH, skin and the mucous membrane. We also have acquired immunity, meaning that our bodies can naturally fight off pathogens using our B-Cells and T-Cells once we have been exposed to the virus. B-Cells try to prevent the pathogens from coming in and also produce antibodies, which circulate and bind to antigens. T-Cells are the killer cells; they fight off the pathogens so they do not harm the immune system. I always knew that our bodies fight off viruses and sicknesses, but I never really knew how they pulled it off. The many different ingredients in vaccines also astonished me because I never thought about what was being put inside of my body. Even though vaccines and antibiotics are used to help fight off illnesses, certain ingredients can be toxic in high quantities.


To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel written by Harper Lee, was another component of our Social Media Unit. We annotated the novel and made connections between the developing characters and our modern day society as we read it. Scout, the main character, was faced with many challenges alongside her family, as well as her friends. She is the type of character that many young girls can relate to because not all girls want to wear dresses and play with dolls. Scout is the type of girl who wants to play in mud with boys and snoop around town to find out secrets that people are hiding. I, personally, really enjoyed reading this novel in her perspective because I feel we got a fuller understanding of the other characters. Girls Scout’s age are very innocent and curious, so that was definitely expressed well in this novel. I found this book very interesting and hard to put down. There were a few slow spots that I did not enjoy, but the majority of the novel was very intriguing. I really liked how Lee introduced Boo Radley as a mean guy who does not care about anyone, but eventually showed us that he has a heart just like everyone else. This novel was a very good choice to read because the plot’s progression is not only sophisticated, but also fun to follow.



For our unit project, we were told to create our own TED Talk about something that can be related to what we have learned throughout the year. I expanded on the idea that standardized tests limit a student’s ability to grow and explain themselves. Not only do they limit creativity, they also make a student feel restricted and discouraged. I had my classmates take several surveys and they told me how they felt about standardized tests and whether or not school prepares you for the real world. On both surveys, more than 50%, said that they felt standardized tests limit creativity and school does not prepare you for the real world, which shows that our administration is not doing what they need to be doing. My solution to this problem is to implement real life situations into a regular class, so when students are presented with something new, they know how to handle it. For example, writing a check and/or addressing an envelope are two simple jobs, but not everyone can do them. In fact, out of 15 classmates, 60% did not know how to do either. I feel that if teachers use these types of lessons in class, students will go into the real world feeling prepared and confident. In order to publicize my view on this topic, I made a website and a Twitter account to keep people up to date.




My TED Talk was my favorite part about this unit. I have always found interest in the fact that schools do not prepare students for the real world, so I was beyond thrilled to talk to an audience about it. However, my presentation did not go as planned, which was unfortunate, but good to know because that means I know what not to do next time around. My main goal for this project was to raise awareness of the fact that schools are not giving students enough room to breath and are simply loading up work on us because they feel busy work is more important than real life lessons somehow. I want students to feel confident and prepared for the real world, not scared and reluctant to enter it.

Our Social Media Unit consisted of a variety of lessons and experiences. I was able to learn a lot more about vaccines and how my immune system works, how to annotate properly along with analyzing a character’s development and how to devise a solution for a real-world problem. I am very appreciative that I got the opportunity to present something that I am passionate about, even though it did not go as planned. By designing a social media platform for a wide variety of audiences, I was able to learn more about social media. I learned that it is very easy to reach different kinds of people while creating a project on a very discussed issue. Overall, this unit was very informative and beneficial.

Thursday, May 18, 2017

Vaccine Views


Part 1:
For this video, fill in FUN FACTS about how the vaccines and how they work:
Polio Live Vaccine
Sabin
Similarities
Between Both
Polio Dead Vaccine
Salk
1. 3 doses: 95% efficacious
2. Oral (liquid - drink it)
3. Humoral & cell mediated
4. Greater immunity
5. Can reach a large amount of people with this one (can pass immunity easier)
1. humoral
2. High effective rates
3. Should not give to people if they are immunocompromised
4. Both taken in the body
5. For both vaccines, the B and T cells work hard to kill the virus inside of the body
1. Can’t replicate
2. 1 dose: 90%; 3 doses: 99%
3. injected
4. Only humoral
5. Cannot pass immunity

Part 2:
What was the purpose of this video? How does the producer of the video use rhetoric to support their purpose? Give three pieces of evidence from the video to support your claim. (Example of evidence can be narrator’s tone, the information presented, information not presented, music played, and/or images shown.)

The purpose of this video was to inform the listener on two different types of vaccines: the Polio Live and Polio Dead. The narrator would go back and forth between the Sabin and Salk vaccine. He would contrast them and then tie in a similarity between them, keeping the listener interested. When he would say something more important, he would change the tone of his voice to catch the listener to make sure they are paying attention. He also used doodles to show the cells being attacked when they entered the body.


  1. What diseases do vaccines prevent?
Whooping cough, chicken pox, type b meningitis
  1. What is herd immunity?
The immunity or resistance to an infection that occurs in a group of people when a high percentage of people have been vaccinated
  1. What does it mean to be immunocompromised?
Having an impaired immune system
  1. What kind of people would be considered immunocompromised?
When vaccines do not work in their body at all
  1. How does herd immunity help people who are immunocompromised?
It helps them from their body getting infected from certain diseases. If everyone is vaccinated, then diseases cannot be spread.
  1. What does it mean to “exempt vaccines”?
To not be vaccinated
  1. What two ways can parents “exempt vaccines”?
  • Keep their children from going out in the world
  • Making it their choice of whether or not their child takes a certain vaccine
Part 2:
What was the purpose of this video? How does the producer of the video use rhetoric to support their purpose? Give three pieces of evidence from the video to support your claim. (Example of evidence can be narrator’s tone, the information presented, information not presented, music played, and/or images shown.)

The purpose of this video was to inform people on the importance of vaccination. The producer of the video used a story about a child who suffers from Leukemia and is immunocompromised. This means that he cannot be vaccinated and needs other people to be vaccinated, so that he can attend school and go out into the world healthily. They showed how the parents felt about how their son cannot be social without the help of others and this was presented well due to their tone.


Part 1:
  1. What is the theory behind vaccines?
People (and regular doctors) are either pro-vaccine or anti-vaccine
What really keeps us healthy is our own immune system, not just vaccines
  1. What is the stigma around a person who questions vaccines?
They are not anti-vaccine; they are simply pro-science and pro-public health. They want the entire population to be healthy naturally.
  1. What is “informed consent”?
Permission granted once the person knows the benefits, possible negatives and alternatives
  1. Do doctors give “informed consent” to patients on vaccines?
No, doctors do not have a lot of time to do the fundamental research of a certain vaccine. They are very busy and do not take the time to explain them to the patient.
  1. Who controls vaccine laws?
If it does not go to the federal government, it automatically goes to the state.
  1. What is California’s vaccine law? (Not mentioned in video, please Google it.)
California gives parents the choice of whether or not they want to vaccinate their child.
  1. How much knowledge do doctors receive about vaccines in medical school?
They never learn about vaccines in medical school; they are simply handed a piece of paper and told to go off of that.
Part 2:
What was the purpose of this video? How does the producer of the video use rhetoric to support their purpose? Give three pieces of evidence from the video to support your claim. (Example of evidence can be narrator’s tone, the information presented, information not presented, music played, and/or images shown.)

The purpose of this video was to learn about vaccines and what it means to be pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine and if someone believes in that theory or not. The narrator interviews many professionals in the medical field and asks them about their opinion on whether or not people should be vaccinated. He presents valuable information and tells the audience facts that, most likely, people don’t know.

Summary Questions:

  1. What is the “vaccine war”?
The vaccine war is the controversial idea of whether or not vaccination should be optional.
  1. How has media shaped the “vaccine war”?
The media has shaped the vaccine war by informing people on the importance of vaccines and the potential consequences of taking them. The internet has given people more information than they have had in the past and this can potentially change someone’s opinion.
  1. How has researching vaccine ingredients, learning about the immune system, and watching three videos with separate agendas helped you?
It helps me get a better understanding of the importance of vaccines. If someone is immunocompromised, then they cannot be exposed to a dangerous area in which other people may not be vaccinated. They depend on others being vaccinated, which is an incredibly hard life. Different vaccines prevent different diseases and some may only help the person who has taken it, such as: the Polio Alive and Polio Dead.

Wednesday, May 17, 2017

Lab Report - How Antibodies Are Used for Blood Typing



Introduction:
In NEW School, we are learning about immunology and how certain vaccines affect our immune system. To demonstrate the humoral system we were looking at blood typing and how antibodies and antigens work in the body.

Purpose: What is Abbey’s blood type?

Hypothesis: If Abbey’s blood presents antigen A or B on the surface of her red blood cells, then her blood will agglutinate or clump when placed in the same agent that her blood type is, because the agent that her blood reacts with will contain anti-A or B antibodies similar to the human humoral system, which produce antibodies to fight against antigens that they do not recognize.

Materials:
  • Anti-A reagent (1 drop)
  • Anti-B reagent (1 drop)
  • Anti-Rh serum (1 drop)
  • Blood typing tray (1)
  • Disposable gloves
  • Alcohol swabs
  • Lancet (1)
  • Human blood
  • 3 mixing sticks (toothpicks)
  • Band-aids
  • Bleach water bath to cleanse materials after used

Procedures:
  1. Take one blood typing tray and add 1 drop of anti-A agent into the A divet of the tray
  2. Add one drop of anti-B agent into the B divet of the tray
  3. Add one drop of anti-Rh factor into the Rh divet of the tray
File_003.jpeg

  1. Put gloves on whoever is pricking the patient’s finger
  2. Wipe one of their fingers with an alcohol swab to clean it
  3. Prick one of their fingers with the lancet

File_000.jpeg

  1. Take one drop of blood on a single toothpick and add it to the anti-A agent
  2. Repeat the previous step on clean toothpicks for both the anti-B agent and the anti-Rh factor
  3. Mix the blood and agents together for about thirty seconds
  4. Look at each agent closely and see which ones the patient’s blood clumps in
  5. Whatever agent their blood clumps in means that they are positive for that blood type/factor
File_002.jpeg

  1. Put a band-aid over the lancet prick
  2. Clean the lancet, toothpicks, and blood typing tray in the bleach bath before disposing of them

Examining Abbey’s Blood Type
Trial Number
Reaction with Anti-A (Y/N)
Reaction with
Anti-B (Y/N)
Reaction with
Anti-Rh (Y/N)
1
Y
N
Y



Conclusion:

Claim: Abbey’s blood type is A positive.
Evidence:
File_002.jpeg


Reasoning: You can see in the picture above that the blood started to clump in the red liquid, as well as the yellow. This shows us that her blood clumps in the anti-A antigen as well as the rH. If her blood clumps in the anti-A (basically type B blood), then we know she is the opposite because when blood clumps, that means the antigens inside of the body are swarming the foreign invaders. Abbey’s blood cells (type A) are acting as the foreign invaders inside of the anti-A antigen section within the tray.
Our hypothesis was not made before this lab; however, we were able to make one after we knew our results. We took our knowledge and made one that would be feasible in the lab. The conclusiveness would be more enhanced if we had more trials in this lab. We only did one trial, which is reliable, but not completely clear. The procedures were very easy to follow and this was a very interesting lab to go along with, considering I was not the student who was pricked.

Friday, May 12, 2017

What Type of Antigens Do We Have?

O blood type: (universal donor)
- no antigens (clear)

A blood type:
- A antigens
B blood type:
- B antigens
AB blood type:
- have A and B antigens



If you donate O to A, the antibodies from A will attack the O
If you donate A to O, they will mix because there are no antibodies in O to fight off A
A and B can both go into AB as well

If you are a positive, you have one more antigen
If you are a negative, you have one less antigen


Vocabulary:

  • Antibody - a large, Y-shaped protein that help stop the infection from spreading further and help to eliminate the pathogen from the body
  • Humoral immune system - mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides
  • Antigen - a substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it
  • Transfusion - to receive blood from someone else
  • Blood type - A, B, AB, or O; based on the presence or absence of antigens
  • Rhesus factor - an antigen that occurs in most primates, determines if blood type is positive or negative
  • Agglutination - the clumping process that occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody
  • Red blood cells - removes CO2 from body; made inside of bone marrow; hemoglobin (protein inside) carries oxygen
  • Plasma - the colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended

Reflection:

File_003.jpeg

Blue is type A, yellow is type B and the clear drop is Rh.

File_000.jpeg

Abbey's finger was pricked and a drop of blood went into each blood type. If the blood and liquid clumped, that means that is her blood type.

File_002.jpeg

For Abbey, the A type clumped as well as the Rh, which means she is blood type A Positive.


Patient
Antigen A Present
Antigen B Present
Rh Factor Present
Abbey
Yes
No
Yes

Questions:
  1. The blood types in the Introduction are for red blood cells. There are other cell types in your blood though. What are the other cell types and do they have the same blood typing systems?
  2. What blood type is needed for a transfusion for a Type O positive patient?
  3. What would happen if someone was transfused with an incompatible blood type?
1 - There are red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma cells. They do not have the same blood typing systems.
2 - No blood types can be used for a transfusion for a Type O positive patient because the antigens in the other blood types will take over the Type O positive. 
3 - If someone was transfused with an incompatible blood type, the antigens would clash and one would take over the other, depending which blood types are combined. In other words, the transfusion wouldn't work.